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Science Lab
Science Lab
The knowledge portal of Leica Microsystems offers scientific research and teaching material on the subjects of microscopy. The content is designed to support beginners, experienced practitioners and scientists alike in their everyday work and experiments. Explore interactive tutorials and application notes, discover the basics of microscopy as well as high-end technologies – become part of the Science Lab community and share your expertise!
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![TIRF Image of Tubulin, YFP, penetration depth: 120 mm TIRF Image of Tubulin, YFP, penetration depth: 120 mm](/fileadmin/_processed_/f/d/csm_2_Tubulin-YFP-TIRF-120mm_27ebf2d5ff.jpg)
Applications of TIRF Microscopy in Life Science Research
The special feature of TIRF microscopy is the employment of an evanescent field for fluorophore excitation. Unlike standard widefield fluorescence illumination procedures with arc lamps, LEDs or…
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![Snapshot from a time lapse of a calcium imaging experiment using the ratiometric calcium indicator Fura-2. Snapshot from a time lapse of a calcium imaging experiment using the ratiometric calcium indicator Fura-2.](/fileadmin/_processed_/5/5/csm_Time_lapse_of_calcium_imaging_experiment_using_the_ratiometric_calcium_indicator_Fura-2_b31cdfd025.jpg)
Ratiometric Imaging
Many fundamental functions of a cell strongly depend on delicate, but nevertheless dynamic balances of ions (e.g. calcium, magnesium), voltage potentials and pH between the cell’s cytosol and the…
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Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) and its Offspring
FRAP (Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) can be used to study cellular protein dynamics: For visualization the protein of interest is fused to a fluorescent protein or a fluorescent dye. A…
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Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)
The Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) phenomenon offers techniques that allow studies of interactions in dimensions below the optical resolution limit. FRET describes the transfer of the energy…
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![](/fileadmin/_processed_/f/d/csm_7_Plodia-interpunctella_cf8493a108.jpg)
An Introduction to CARS Microscopy
CARS overcomes the drawbacks of conventional staining methods by the intrinsic characteristics of the method. CARS does not require labeling because it is highly specific to molecular compounds which…
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![Scheme of a 2D mosaic scan. Drosophila melanogaster (eye section) Scheme of a 2D mosaic scan. Drosophila melanogaster (eye section)](/fileadmin/_processed_/e/b/csm_Mosaic_Intro_04_b01aa513c6.jpg)
Mosaic Images
Confocal laser scanning microscopes are widely used to create highly resolved 3D images of cells, subcellular structures and even single molecules. Still, an increasing number of scientists are…
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![Brain section 12 μm, before dissection, objective 63x, stained with Toluidin blue. Brain section 12 μm, before dissection, objective 63x, stained with Toluidin blue.](/fileadmin/_processed_/0/9/csm_AVC_02_136f0dbef9.jpg)
An Introduction to Laser Microdissection
Laser microdissection is a highly selective process for preparing samples for DNA, RNA and protein analysis. It is a microscope-controlled manipulation technique for the precise separation of samples…
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Applications of Laser Microdissection
Laser microdissection and laser micromanipulation are suitable for gaining a differentiated insight into the function of genes and proteins, and are used for a wide range of applications in…
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![](/fileadmin/_processed_/4/f/csm_Confocal-optical-section-thickness-Fig0_04_cab2c24f04.png)
Confocal Optical Section Thickness
Confocal microscopes are employed to optically slice comparably thick samples.