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Science Lab
Science Lab
The knowledge portal of Leica Microsystems offers scientific research and teaching material on the subjects of microscopy. The content is designed to support beginners, experienced practitioners and scientists alike in their everyday work and experiments. Explore interactive tutorials and application notes, discover the basics of microscopy as well as high-end technologies – become part of the Science Lab community and share your expertise!
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![Section taste buds rabbit, differential interference contrast microscope Section taste buds rabbit, differential interference contrast microscope](/fileadmin/_processed_/0/b/csm_Section_taste_buds_rabbit_DIC_microscope_94d764bd97.jpg)
Optical Contrast Methods
Optical contrast methods give the potential to easily examine living and colorless specimens. Different microscopic techniques aim to change phase shifts caused by the interaction of light with the…
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![Modulation contrast visualizes transparent, low-contrast specimens. Modulation contrast visualizes transparent, low-contrast specimens.](/fileadmin/_processed_/9/d/csm_Modulation_contrast_visualizes_transparent_low-contrast_specimens_3b140fa80d.jpg)
Integrated Modulation Contrast (IMC)
Hoffman modulation contrast has established itself as a standard for the observation of unstained, low-contrast biological specimens. The integration of the modulator in the beam path of themodern…
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![Tartaric acids, polarization Tartaric acids, polarization](/fileadmin/_processed_/8/5/csm_Tartaric_acids_polarization_01_8cdd315278.jpg)
Polarization Contrast
Polarization microscopy is routinely applied in material sciences and geology to identify minerals on the basis of characteristic refraction properties and colors. In biology, polarization microscopy…
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![Transgenic Mouse Embryo, GFP Transgenic Mouse Embryo, GFP](/fileadmin/_processed_/f/6/csm_Transgenic_Mouse_Embryo_GFP_e5a2d10fb2.jpg)
Fluorescence in Microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy is a special form of light microscopy. It uses the ability of fluorochromes to emit light after being excited with light of a certain wavelength. Proteins of interest can be…
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![Object planes of the Greenough stereomicroscope with depth of field range. Object planes of the Greenough stereomicroscope with depth of field range.](/fileadmin/_processed_/e/4/csm_Object_planes_Greenough_stereomicroscope_with_depth_of_field_range_teaser_f729f77eb8.jpg)
Depth of Field in Microscopy
In microscopy, depth of field is often seen as an empirical parameter. In practice it is determined by the correlation between numerical aperture, resolution and magnification. For the best possible…
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![](/fileadmin/_processed_/b/f/csm_Numerical_aperture_of_objective_teaser_01_376797705e.jpg)
Beware of "Empty" Magnification
This article explains how to avoid the phenomen of "empty magnification" in microscopy.